Water Analysis : To Study The Microbial Flora of Waste Water

AIM :- To study the microbial flora of wastewater.

Introduction :


Bacteria, fungus and actinomycetes are the microbial inhabitants of waste water:
Bacteria
Bacteria are the most numerous type of water organism. Every ml of water contains at least a million of these tiny one-celled organisms. There are many different species of bacteria, each with its own role in the environment. They are prokaryotes.
Fungi
Fungi come in many different species, sizes, and shapes in water. Some species appear as threadlike colonies, while others are one-celled yeasts. Fungi are generally quick to colonize larger pieces of organic matter and begin the decomposition process. Some fungi produce antibiotics including penicillin. They are eukaryotic, 
Actinomycetes
Actinomycetes are threadlike bacteria that look like fungi. While not as numerous as bacteria, they too perform vital roles in the water. Like the bacteria, they help decompose organic matter, releasing nutrients. They also produce antibiotics to fight diseases. Many of these same antibiotics are used to treat human diseases.
REQUIREMENTS:
  1. Waste water sample
  2. Nutrient agar media
  3. Starch casein agar media
  4. Potato dextrose  agar
  5. Antibacterial agent
  6. Antifungal agent
  7. Petriplates

PROCEDURE:
For determining Bacterial Flora
  1. Prepare nutrient agar plates aseptically.
  2. Serially dilute  samples upto 10^-5 dilutions.
  3. Inoculate from each dilution to separate nutrient agar plates by spread plate method.
  4. Incubate  at 35C for 24-48 Hrs.
  5. Observe the morphology of colonies and count the number of colonies
  6. Do gram staining of respective colonies and observe its microscopic characteristics.

For determining Fungal Flora
  1. Prepare potato dextrose agar plates containing antibacterial agent.
  2. Serially dilute sample upto 10^-3 dilutions.
  3. Inoculate from each dilution to separate potato dextrose agar plates by spread plate method.
  4. Incubate at 20 Degree Celsius for 4-7 days.
  5. Observe the morphology of colonies and count the number of colonies.
For determining Actinomycetal Flora
  1. Prepare starch casein agar plates containing  antibacterial agent as well as anti fungal agent.
  2. Serially dilute samples upto 10^-5.
  3. Inoculate from each dilution to separate starch casein agar plates by spread plate method.
  4. Incubate at 28 degree Celsius  for 15 days.
  5. Mark the colonies grown in first 2 days as bacteria and colonies which grow after 2 days of incubation as actinomycetes.  
  6. Observe the morphology of colonies and count the number of colonies.
  7. Do gram staining of respective colonies and observe its microscopic characteristics. 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Process of Wastewater Treatment Plant

Image
PROCESS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT : Wastewater enters the treatment plant First it goes through a fine screen, next to aerated grit chamber, and then enters the primary clarifier. Sludge settled in the primary clarifier is sent to the fermenters and then to digesters. After the primary treatment, wastewater flows into (BNR) bioreactors. The activated sludge is separated in the following secondary clarifier. The clear effluent flows into Ultraviolet (UV), then to River. Settled activated sludge in the secondary clarifier is pumped back to BNR. Excess sludge is pumped into the dissolved air floatation (DAF) unit for thickening. Wastewater is collected in sanitary sewers (a complex network of underground pipes). Upon reaching the treatment plant, the wastewater flows through a series of treatment processes which remove the wastes from the
Read more

Water Analysis : Estimation Of Nitrate Nitrogen In Given Water Sample

INTRODUCTION: Nitrate is found only in small amounts in fresh domestic wastewater but in the effluent of nitrifying biological treatment plants nitrate may be found in concentration up to 30mg nitrate as nitrogen/L. It is essential nutrient for many photosynthetic autotrophs and in some cases has been identified as the growth-limiting nutrient. Generally 10mg nitrate nitrogen/L of drinking water is recommended to prevent disorder called methemoglobinemia in infants. Determination of nitrate nitrogen is difficult because of the relatively complex procedure. Although UV technique that measures the absorbance of nitrate at 220nm is suitable for measuring nitrate in wastewater. PRINCIPLE: This technique is useful for the screening of sample that has low organic content that is uncontaminated natural water and potable water supplies. The nitrate calibration curve follows Beer's Law up to 11 mgN/L. Measurement of UV absorbance at 220nm enables rapid determination of nitrate
Read more

Water Analysis : To Study The Various Method of Collection and Storage of Water Samples

Image
  AIM : To Study The Various Methods of Collection and Storage of Water Samples  Introduction :- The objective of sampling is to collect a portion of material small enough in volume to be transported conveniently and handled in the laboratory while still accurately representing the material being sampled. This objective that relative proportions or concentration of all components will be the same in the samples as in the material being sampled, and that the sample will be handled in such a way that no significant changes in composition occur before the test are made. In some case the samples are presented to the laboratory for specific determination with the sample collector taking responsibility for the validity of the sample. Because of the increasing importance of the ability to verify the accuracy and representativeness of data, greater emphases are place on proper sample collection and preservation techniques. Often in water and water work, the laboratory cond
Read more